Dynamic Pipeline Generation
Dynamic Pipeline Generation
Learning Objectives
- Understand dynamic pipeline generation concepts
- Master programmatic pipeline creation
- Implement template-based pipeline systems
- Build scalable pipeline architectures
Introduction to Dynamic Pipelines
Why Dynamic Pipelines?
Dynamic pipeline generation offers several advantages:
- Reduced code duplication
- Consistent pipeline patterns
- Easier maintenance and updates
- Scalable pipeline management
Pipeline Generation Techniques
1. Template-Based Generation
Basic Template Structure
// pipeline-template.groovy
def call(Map config) {
pipeline {
agent any
environment {
APP_NAME = config.appName
DEPLOY_ENV = config.environment
BUILD_TOOL = config.buildTool ?: 'maven'
}
stages {
stage('Build') {
steps {
script {
switch(BUILD_TOOL) {
case 'maven':
sh 'mvn clean package'
break
case 'gradle':
sh './gradlew build'
break
default:
error "Unsupported build tool: ${BUILD_TOOL}"
}
}
}
}
stage('Test') {
steps {
script {
if (config.runTests) {
parallel(
'Unit Tests': {
sh 'mvn test'
},
'Integration Tests': {
sh 'mvn integration-test'
}
)
}
}
}
}
stage('Deploy') {
when { expression { config.deploy } }
steps {
script {
deploy(config.deployScript)
}
}
}
}
}
}
Using the Template
// Jenkinsfile
@Library('pipeline-library') _
default_pipeline([
appName: 'my-service',
environment: 'production',
buildTool: 'maven',
runTests: true,
deploy: true,
deployScript: 'scripts/deploy.sh'
])
2. Programmatic Generation
Dynamic Stage Generation
def generateStages(Map config) {
def stages = [:]
// Build Stage
stages['Build'] = {
stage('Build') {
steps {
script {
buildApp(config.buildConfig)
}
}
}
}
// Test Stages
config.testTypes.each { testType ->
stages["${testType} Tests"] = {
stage("${testType} Tests") {
steps {
script {
runTests(testType, config.testConfig)
}
}
}
}
}
// Deploy Stages
config.deployEnvironments.each { env ->
stages["Deploy to ${env}"] = {
stage("Deploy to ${env}") {
when { expression { shouldDeployTo(env) } }
steps {
script {
deploy(env, config.deployConfig)
}
}
}
}
}
return stages
}
// Implementation
pipeline {
agent any
stages {
stage('Pipeline Generation') {
steps {
script {
def pipelineConfig = [
buildConfig: [
tool: 'maven',
version: '3.8.6'
],
testTypes: ['Unit', 'Integration', 'Performance'],
testConfig: [
coverage: true,
parallel: true
],
deployEnvironments: ['dev', 'staging', 'prod'],
deployConfig: [
strategy: 'blue-green',
timeout: 30
]
]
def stages = generateStages(pipelineConfig)
stages.each { name, stage ->
stage()
}
}
}
}
}
}
3. Configuration-Driven Pipelines
YAML Configuration
# pipeline-config.yaml
application:
name: my-service
type: java
build:
tool: maven
version: 3.8.6
arguments: '-DskipTests'
tests:
unit:
enabled: true
coverage: 80
integration:
enabled: true
environment: staging
performance:
enabled: true
duration: 30
deployments:
environments:
- name: development
automatic: true
branch: develop
- name: staging
automatic: true
branch: release/*
- name: production
automatic: false
branch: main
approvers:
- team-leads
- operations
Pipeline Implementation
// Jenkinsfile
def loadConfig() {
def config = readYaml file: 'pipeline-config.yaml'
return config
}
def validateConfig(config) {
assert config.application.name != null
assert config.application.type in ['java', 'nodejs', 'python']
// Add more validation as needed
}
pipeline {
agent any
environment {
CONFIG = loadConfig()
}
stages {
stage('Validate Configuration') {
steps {
script {
validateConfig(CONFIG)
}
}
}
stage('Build') {
steps {
script {
def buildConfig = CONFIG.application.build
buildApp(buildConfig)
}
}
}
stage('Tests') {
parallel {
stage('Unit Tests') {
when { expression { CONFIG.tests.unit.enabled } }
steps {
script {
runUnitTests(CONFIG.tests.unit)
}
}
}
stage('Integration Tests') {
when { expression { CONFIG.tests.integration.enabled } }
steps {
script {
runIntegrationTests(CONFIG.tests.integration)
}
}
}
stage('Performance Tests') {
when { expression { CONFIG.tests.performance.enabled } }
steps {
script {
runPerformanceTests(CONFIG.tests.performance)
}
}
}
}
}
stage('Deployments') {
steps {
script {
CONFIG.deployments.environments.each { env ->
stage("Deploy to ${env.name}") {
when {
allOf {
branch env.branch
expression { shouldDeploy(env) }
}
}
steps {
script {
if (!env.automatic) {
approval = getApproval(env)
}
deploy(env)
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
Advanced Pipeline Generation Patterns
1. Pipeline Factory Pattern
class PipelineFactory {
static def create(String type, Map config) {
switch(type) {
case 'java':
return new JavaPipeline(config)
case 'nodejs':
return new NodeJSPipeline(config)
case 'python':
return new PythonPipeline(config)
default:
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unsupported pipeline type: ${type}")
}
}
}
class BasePipeline {
protected Map config
BasePipeline(Map config) {
this.config = config
}
def execute() {
pipeline {
agent any
stages {
stage('Initialize') {
steps {
script {
initialize()
}
}
}
stage('Build') {
steps {
script {
build()
}
}
}
stage('Test') {
steps {
script {
test()
}
}
}
stage('Deploy') {
steps {
script {
deploy()
}
}
}
}
}
}
// Abstract methods to be implemented by specific pipeline types
protected abstract void initialize()
protected abstract void build()
protected abstract void test()
protected abstract void deploy()
}
class JavaPipeline extends BasePipeline {
JavaPipeline(Map config) {
super(config)
}
@Override
protected void initialize() {
sh "java -version"
sh "mvn -version"
}
@Override
protected void build() {
sh "mvn clean package -DskipTests"
}
@Override
protected void test() {
parallel(
'Unit Tests': {
sh 'mvn test'
},
'Integration Tests': {
sh 'mvn integration-test'
}
)
}
@Override
protected void deploy() {
// Implementation specific to Java applications
}
}
2. Pipeline Composition Pattern
class PipelineComponent {
String name
Closure execution
PipelineComponent(String name, Closure execution) {
this.name = name
this.execution = execution
}
}
class PipelineComposer {
private List<PipelineComponent> components = []
def addComponent(PipelineComponent component) {
components << component
}
def execute() {
pipeline {
agent any
stages {
script {
components.each { component ->
stage(component.name) {
steps {
script {
component.execution()
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
// Usage Example
def composer = new PipelineComposer()
composer.addComponent(new PipelineComponent('Build', {
sh 'mvn clean package'
}))
composer.addComponent(new PipelineComponent('Test', {
parallel(
'Unit Tests': {
sh 'mvn test'
},
'Integration Tests': {
sh 'mvn integration-test'
}
)
}))
composer.addComponent(new PipelineComponent('Security Scan', {
sh 'run-security-scan.sh'
}))
composer.execute()
Best Practices
1. Configuration Management
- Store pipeline configurations in version control
- Use environment-specific configuration files
- Implement configuration validation
- Document configuration options
2. Error Handling
- Implement proper error handling and recovery
- Log pipeline generation errors
- Provide meaningful error messages
- Include debugging information
3. Testing
- Test pipeline templates
- Validate generated pipelines
- Implement pipeline unit tests
- Test configuration changes
4. Documentation
- Document pipeline generation process
- Maintain configuration examples
- Include usage guidelines
- Provide troubleshooting guides
Exercises
Exercise 1: Create a Template-Based Pipeline
Create a pipeline template that supports multiple programming languages and build tools:
```groovy // vars/languagePipeline.groovy def call(Map config) { pipeline { agent any
environment {
APP_NAME = config.appName
LANGUAGE = config.language
BUILD_TOOL = config.buildTool
}
stages {
stage('Validate Configuration') {
steps {
script {
validateConfig(config)
}
}
}
stage('Setup Environment') {
steps {
script {
setupEnvironment(LANGUAGE, BUILD_TOOL)
}
}
}
stage('Build') {
steps {
script {
buildApp(LANGUAGE, BUILD_TOOL)
}
}
}
stage('Test') {
when { expression { config.runTests } }
steps {
script {
runTests(LANGUAGE, BUILD_TOOL)
}
}
}
stage('Package') {
steps {
script {
packageApp(LANGUAGE, config.packageType)
}
}
}
stage('Deploy') {
when { expression { config.deploy } }
steps {
script {
deployApp(config.deployConfig)
}
}
}
}
post {
always {
cleanWs()
}
}
} }
def validateConfig(Map config) { assert config.appName != null: “Application name must be specified” assert config.language in [‘java’, ‘nodejs’, ‘python’]: “Unsupported language: ${config.language}” assert config.buildTool != null: “Build tool must be specified” }
def setupEnvironment(String language, String buildTool) {