Distributed Builds and Scalability
Distributed Builds and Scalability
Introduction to Distributed Builds
Why Distributed Builds?
- Improved performance
- Resource optimization
- Parallel execution
- Load balancing
- High availability
Architecture Overview
- Master-agent model
- Communication protocols
- Resource allocation
- Job distribution
- Build coordination
Agent Configuration
Static Agents
// Static Agent Configuration
jenkins:
nodes:
- permanent:
name: "build-agent-1"
remoteFS: "/home/jenkins"
launcher:
ssh:
host: "agent1.example.com"
credentialsId: "agent-ssh-key"
port: 22
jvmOptions: "-Xmx2g"
Dynamic Agents
// Kubernetes Dynamic Agent
pipeline {
agent {
kubernetes {
yaml '''
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
spec:
containers:
- name: maven
image: maven:3.8.4-openjdk-11
command:
- cat
tty: true
resources:
requests:
memory: "2Gi"
cpu: "1"
limits:
memory: "4Gi"
cpu: "2"
'''
}
}
stages {
stage('Build') {
steps {
container('maven') {
sh 'mvn clean package'
}
}
}
}
}
Load Balancing
Load Distribution Strategies
// Load Balancer Configuration
jenkins:
clouds:
kubernetes:
templates:
- name: "dynamic-agent"
label: "build-pod"
idleMinutes: 10
containers:
- name: "jnlp"
image: "jenkins/inbound-agent:4.11.2-4"
resources:
requests:
cpu: "500m"
memory: "1Gi"
nodeSelector:
node-role: "builder"
Resource Allocation
// Resource-based Job Assignment
pipeline {
agent {
label 'high-cpu || high-memory'
}
options {
throttle(['heavy-jobs'])
}
stages {
stage('Resource-Intensive Build') {
steps {
sh '''
# Resource-intensive operation
make -j8 all
'''
}
}
}
}
High Availability
Master Redundancy
# High Availability Configuration
apiVersion: v1
kind: StatefulSet
metadata:
name: jenkins-ha
spec:
replicas: 2
selector:
matchLabels:
app: jenkins-ha
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: jenkins-ha
spec:
containers:
- name: jenkins
image: jenkins/jenkins:lts
ports:
- containerPort: 8080
volumeMounts:
- name: jenkins-home
mountPath: /var/jenkins_home
volumeClaimTemplates:
- metadata:
name: jenkins-home
spec:
accessModes: ["ReadWriteOnce"]
resources:
requests:
storage: 50Gi
Failover Configuration
// Failover Pipeline Configuration
properties([
durabilityHint('PERFORMANCE_OPTIMIZED'),
disableConcurrentBuilds(),
buildDiscarder(logRotator(numToKeepStr: '10'))
])
pipeline {
agent any
options {
timeout(time: 1, unit: 'HOURS')
retry(3)
}
stages {
stage('Build with Failover') {
steps {
catchError(buildResult: 'SUCCESS', stageResult: 'FAILURE') {
script {
def agents = Jenkins.instance.nodes.collect { it.nodeName }
def currentAgent = env.NODE_NAME
if (!agents.contains(currentAgent)) {
error "Agent ${currentAgent} not available"
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
Performance Optimization
Build Caching
// Build Cache Configuration
pipeline {
agent any
options {
skipDefaultCheckout()
}
stages {
stage('Checkout with Cache') {
steps {
cache(maxCacheSize: 250, caches: [
[$class: 'ArbitraryFileCache',
includes: '**/*.jar',
path: '.m2/repository']
]) {
git url: 'https://github.com/example/project.git'
sh 'mvn clean package'
}
}
}
}
}
Parallel Execution
// Parallel Build Pipeline
pipeline {
agent none
stages {
stage('Parallel Builds') {
parallel {
stage('Unit Tests') {
agent { label 'test-agent' }
steps {
sh 'mvn test'
}
}
stage('Integration Tests') {
agent { label 'integration-agent' }
steps {
sh 'mvn verify'
}
}
stage('Security Scan') {
agent { label 'security-agent' }
steps {
sh 'run-security-scan'
}
}
}
}
}
}
Monitoring and Management
Agent Health Checks
// Agent Health Check Pipeline
pipeline {
agent none
stages {
stage('Agent Health Check') {
steps {
script {
def agents = Jenkins.instance.nodes
agents.each { agent ->
def computer = agent.computer
if (computer.offline) {
echo "Agent ${agent.nodeName} is offline"
try {
computer.connect(false)
} catch (Exception e) {
error "Failed to connect to ${agent.nodeName}: ${e.message}"
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
Resource Monitoring
// Resource Monitoring Pipeline
pipeline {
agent any
triggers { cron('H/15 * * * *') }
stages {
stage('Monitor Resources') {
steps {
script {
def metrics = [
activeExecutors: Jenkins.instance.computers.sum { it.executors.size() },
busyExecutors: Jenkins.instance.computers.sum { it.executors.count { ex -> ex.isBusy() } },
queueLength: Jenkins.instance.queue.items.length
]
echo "Resource Metrics:"
echo "Active Executors: ${metrics.activeExecutors}"
echo "Busy Executors: ${metrics.busyExecutors}"
echo "Queue Length: ${metrics.queueLength}"
if (metrics.queueLength > 10) {
emailext (
subject: "Jenkins Queue Alert",
body: "High queue length detected: ${metrics.queueLength} items",
to: 'admin@example.com'
)
}
}
}
}
}
}
Best Practices
Scalability Checklist
- Proper agent sizing
- Resource allocation
- Load balancing
- Caching strategy
- Network optimization
- Monitoring setup
- Failover planning
- Performance tuning
Implementation Guide
- Configure master node
- Set up agents
- Implement load balancing
- Configure high availability
- Set up monitoring
- Optimize performance
- Regular maintenance
Hands-on Exercise
Exercise 1: Agent Setup
- Configure static agent
- Set up dynamic agents
- Implement load balancing
- Test agent connectivity
- Monitor performance
Exercise 2: High Availability
- Configure master redundancy
- Set up failover
- Implement monitoring
- Test failover scenarios
- Verify recovery
Assessment
Knowledge Check
- What are distributed build benefits?
- How do you configure agents?
- What are load balancing strategies?
- How do you implement high availability?
Practice Tasks
- Set up distributed builds
- Configure load balancing
- Implement high availability
- Monitor performance
Additional Resources
Documentation
Best Practices
- Regular maintenance
- Performance monitoring
- Resource optimization
- Capacity planning
Next Steps
- Review distributed concepts
- Practice implementation
- Explore advanced features
- Study real-world scenarios